A General Linear Wave Theory for Water Waves Propagating over Uneven Porous Bottoms   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

锁要红  黄虎 《中国海洋工程》2004,18(1):163-171

Starting from the widespread phenomena of porous bottoms in the near shore region, considering fully the diversity of bottom topography and wave number variation, and including the effect of evanescent modes, a general linear wave theory for water waves propagating over uneven porous bottoms in the near shore region is established by use of Green‘s scond identity. This theory can be reduced to a number of the most typical mild-slope equations curreutly in use and provide a reliable research basis for follow-up development of nonlinear water wave theory involving porous bottoms.  相似文献   

赤点石斑鱼(Epinephelus akaara)精子超微结构及环境因子对精子活力的影响     

朱雅婷  张明清  吴妤莘  赵会宏  张海发  舒琥 《海洋与湖沼》2022,53(6):1523-1530

为揭示赤点石斑鱼精子的超微结构及环境因子对其精子活力的影响,利用扫描电镜和透射电镜观察赤点石斑鱼精子的超微结构,设置不同梯度的温度、盐度、pH值及不同浓度的NaCl、KCl、CaCl₂、MgCl₂、EDTANa₂溶液,探究这些因子对赤点石斑鱼精子活力的影响。结果表明:赤点石斑鱼成熟精子的结构特点是细胞核圆形或卵圆形,核内染色质致密,没有核泡(核空隙)。精子尾部细长,横切面为典型的"9+2"微管结构。温度、盐度、pH值等环境因子对精子活力的影响表明,精子活力的适宜温度范围为23~31℃,27.5℃时精子寿命最长为37min;适宜的盐度范围为15~35,盐度15时精子寿命最长为50min;适宜的pH范围为7~9,pH为9时精子的运动时间最长为33min。赤点石斑鱼精子在EDTANa₂溶液中呈抑制状态,在400~700 mmol/L的NaCl溶液、400~600mmol/L的KCl溶液和500 mmol/L的CaCl₂溶液中精子均具有较好的活动能力。在MgCl₂溶液中赤点石斑鱼精子的活动能力不佳。赤点石斑鱼精子的最适温度范围与繁殖季节的最适水温范围符合,适宜盐度范围较广,对pH值的变化适应性较强。赤点石斑鱼精子在NaCl、KCl、CaCl₂溶液中活力较佳,在MgCl₂溶液和EDTANa₂溶液中呈抑制状态。  相似文献   

Discussion: A review on the behaviour of helical piles as a potential offshore foundation system     

Shah Neyamat Ullah  Yuxia Hu 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2020,38(9):1121-1127

Abstract

Helical piles have emerged as an attractive foundation system for offshore applications with renewed interest from the offshore community. Significant research gap currently exists in transferring this technology offshore and this paper discusses how existing and emerging knowledge can be successfully used to bridge some of the gaps. We focus on the Coupled Eulerian Lagrangian (CEL) large deformation finite element (LDFE) modelling technique that is commercially available and can be used to model the three-dimensional installation process with consideration of strain rate and softening effects in soft offshore clays. A helical pile of L?=?7.5?m long is modelled with one or two large-diameter helices (D?=?2?m) attached to a central shaft of d?=?0.5?m in diameter.The net effect of strain rate and softening is to increase the installation torque. The measured torque is within the range of 200–400?kN.m for the offshore clay and the pile geometry studied. Additional helices increase the uplift force but to a lesser degree than that of the measured torque. Remoulding induced strength reduction is found to be within the range of 25–33% of the intact clay strength. Issues of extracting and reusing offshore helical pile foundations are discussed.  相似文献   

Methane-dominated thermochemical sulphate reduction in the Triassic Feixianguan Formation East Sichuan Basin, China: towards prediction of fatal H₂S concentrations   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Chunfang Cai  Zengye Xie  Richard H. Worden  Guoyi Hu  Lansheng Wang  Hong He 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2004,21(10):1265-1279

New sour pools have recently found in the Lower Triassic Feixianguan Fm carbonate reservoirs in the East Sichuan Basin in China with H₂S up to 17.4% by volume. A recent blowout from a well drilled into this formation killed hundreds of people as a result of the percentage concentrations of H₂S. In order to assess the origin of fatal H₂S as well as the cause of petroleum alteration, H₂S concentrations and the isotopes, δ³⁴S and δ¹³C have been collected and measured in gas samples from reservoirs. Anhydrite, pyrite and elemental sulphur δ³⁴S values have been measured for comparison. The high concentrations of H₂S gas are found to occur at depths >3000 m (temperature now at 100 °C) in evaporated platform facies oolitic dolomite or limestone that contains anhydrite nodule occurrence within the reservoirs. Where H₂S concentrations are greater than 10% its δ³⁴S values lie between +12.0 and +13.2‰ CDT. This is within the range of anhydrite δ³⁴S values found within the Feixianguan Fm (+11.0 to +21.7‰; average 15.5±3.5‰ CDT). Thus H₂S must have been generated by thermochemical sulphate reduction (TSR) locally within the reservoirs. Burial history analysis and fluid inclusion data reveal that the temperature at which TSR occurred was greater than about 130–140 °C, suggesting that the present depth-temperature minimum is an artifact of post-TSR uplift. Both methane and ethane were actively involved in TSR since the petroleum became almost totally dry (no alkanes except methane) and methane δ¹³C values become significantly heavier as TSR proceeded. Methane δ¹³C difference thus reflects the extent of TSR. While it is tempting to use a present-day depth control (>3000 m) to predict the distribution of H₂S in the Feixianguan Fm, this is an invalid approach since TSR occurred when the formation was buried some 1000–2000 m deeper than it is at present. The likelihood of differential uplift across the basin means that it is important to develop a basinal understanding of the thermal history of the Feixianguan Fm so that it is possible to determine which parts of the basin have been hotter than 130–140 °C.  相似文献   

DGPS RTK技术在无验潮水下地形测量中的应用初探   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

王真祥  胡国栋 《海洋技术学报》2001,20(2):47-50

本文简要介绍了DGPS RTK技术的基本原理和作业流程，阐明了该技术在无验潮水下地形测量中的适用性，并以除六泾水文大断面的测量为例介绍了利用该技术进行工程实测的过程，通过对实测数据成果的分析，得出一些有益的结论。  相似文献   

杆状病毒感染越冬亲虾(Penaeus chenesis)的研究——越冬亲虾感染及其垂直传播的可能性   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

包振民  胡景杰  姜明  刘晓云  孔杰  石拓  徐怀恕 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1997,(3)

在中国对虾越冬亲虾中检出杆状病毒。经对病虾鳃、前中肠、卵巢组织进行电镜观察，在这些组织中发现大量有囊膜的杆状病毒。病毒粒子大小约为３６７ｎｍ×１２８ｎｍ，核衣壳为３２４ｎｍ×９２ｎｍ。病毒在细胞内不形成包涵体，在核内或在细胞质的发生基质中装配。从病毒的形态特征、感染组织以及典型的发病症状和病理变化，初步认为亲虾感染的病毒与近年广泛报道的造成养殖对虾大规模流行病的主要原因——中国对虾杆状病毒为同一种。卵巢组织也是病毒的主要靶器官之一，亲虾卵巢组织的被感染暗示着该病毒有可能通过生殖细胞而垂直传播  相似文献   

N,N-二烷基酰胺类物质的膜状态及其在水面溢油集油剂中的应用研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王洪申  陈国华  孙明昆  冯绪胜  刘晓艳  张立娟 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2002,32(5):795-803

合成了 5种 N,N-二烷基酰胺型表面活性剂 ,并对其所成膜的状态进行了测定。表明当N,N-二烷基酰胺类物质单独成膜时获得的集油膜为多层膜 ,而当选用合适的溶剂与其配制成溶液以后 ,所成的集油膜则为转变膜或液态凝聚膜。在 5种 N,N-二烷基酰胺类物质中 ,酰基碳链越长、氮烷基碳链越短则其集油能力越强。应用 N,N-二烷基酰胺类物质配制了 4个配方 ,均具备良好的集油能力 ,并且对原油的集油能力大于对柴油的集油能力  相似文献   

普里兹湾陆缘水边界的变化   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

蒲书箴  董兆乾  胡筱敏  于非  赵新 《海洋通报》2000,19(6):1-9

利用１９９８年１１月－１９９９年２月中国第１５次南极考察资料,讨论了普里兹湾附近陆缘水边界（ＣＷＢ）两侧的水团分布,以及ＣＷＢ的中心位置、锋面宽度、锋面强度、锋面的垂直深度和垂直厚度等物理特征的空间变化。并与１９９２年１２月－１９９３年２月中国第９次南极考察资料进行了比较,说明了ＣＷＢ的时间２变化。同时,还进一步分析了ＣＷＢ两侧海水运动的各向异性,以及动力高度场的形势,指出了动力高度槽,ＣＷＢ锋面  相似文献   

东海黑潮及琉球群岛以东海流研究进展   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

胡珀  侯一筠  乐肯堂  王铮 《海洋科学集刊》2007,(48):28-34

东海是西太平洋的一个边缘海,它西部有广阔的大陆架,东面以九州岛、琉球群岛(由奄美诸岛、冲绳诸岛、先岛诸岛组成)和台湾岛连线为界,具有较深的海槽。黑潮是一支高温、高盐、高流速的西边界流,它起源于菲律宾以东海域、流经台湾东岸进入东海,沿东海大陆架外缘向东北向流动，穿越吐噶喇海峡返回太平洋。通常的把自台湾东北端起至吐噶喇海峡一段称为东海黑潮。此外,在琉球群岛以东海域也常年存在一支稳定的西边界流,称为琉球海流。 对于东海黑潮和琉球海流的硏究,主要起步于20世纪80年代,通过进行中日联合调查研究、中日副热带环流调查研究等,取得了许多重要成果,苏纪兰(1994)、袁耀初(2000，Yuan,2006)、管秉贤(2002)等人都做过评述。本文基于以上研究评述,主要叙述200年以来对东海黑潮及琉球海流的硏究新进展。  相似文献   

Spatial and temporal variability of heat content above the thermocline in the tropical Pacific Ocean   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Pu Shuzhen  Yu Fei  Hu Xiaomin  Chen Xingrong 《海洋学报(英文版)》2003,22(2):179-190

Abstract-Heat content of the upper layer above the 20℃ isotherm in the tropical Pacific Ocean isestimated by using the sea temperature data set with a resolution 2°latitude×5°longitude (1980～1993)for the water depths (every 10 m) from 0 m to 400 m, and its temporal and spatial variabilities are an-alyzed. (1) The temporal variability indicates that the total heat in the upper layer of the equatorial Pa-cific Ocean is charcterized by the interannual variability. The time series of the equatorial heat anomaly5 months lead that of the El Nino index at the best positive lag correlation between the two, and theformer 13 months lag behind the latter at their best negative lag correlation. Therefore the equatorialheat content can be used as a better predictor than the El Nino index for a warm or cold event. In addi-tion, it is also found that less heat anomaly in the equator corresponds to the stronger warm events inthe period (1980～1993) and much more heat was accumulated in the 4 years including 1992/1  相似文献